پژوهشنامه متین
پیاپی 93 (زمستان 1400)

The objective of the present study is to design and explain a model of social capital based on Imam Khomeini’s last will. Qualitative method has been used in this study; the indices and factors have been extracted through thematic analysis. The factors of social capital were extracted from Imam Khomeini’s last will. In the first place, 90 codes were found and then classified into 49 basic themes and then into 4 organizing codes. In the next step, the themes network was drawn based on the codes. Finally, social capital based on Imam Khomeini’s last will was designed that includes four general indices, i.e. Islamic capital, human capital, basic capital and cultural-structural capital. The findings of this paper indicate that proper management of these factors and indices can lead the society to excellence and success as they are based on Imam Khomeini’s last will that are compatible with the conditions prevailing the society. The executives and citizens may pay special attention to them..

With respect to the significance of the arguments of rationalists in inference of religious instructions, particularly in the case of new issues, a review of the jurists’ works on quality of applying the arguments of rationalists will help its understanding better. A restudy of jurisprudential works of Seyyed Hassan Bojnourdi and Imam Khomeini, as the two jurists with immense influence on perfection of jurisprudence, will be important and worthy in proving the point. To that end, we have reviewed the deductive and doctrinal jurisprudential texts of the two jurists based on content analysis methodology to analyze their claims. Findings of this paper indicate that both jurists have abundantly made use of the arguments of rationalists. In the meantime, both of them believe in its validity with no need to endorsement of the legislator, taking into consideration only lack of prohibition or rejection by the legislator. In particular, they have independently used the arguments of rationalists in invoking valid and important jurisprudential codes in deducing religious instructions. Given the effect of time and space on jurisprudential issues, the important and practical arguments of rationalists can be used for comparing and contrasting jurisprudence with modern-day issues and conditions toward rationality in settling modern-day problems.

Hadiths or traditions attributed to the Infallible Household of the Prophet (pbuh), whom Shia Muslims regard as “The Speaking Quran”, are a means of guidance. Carelessness or fault in narrating the deeds, creeds and works of the Infallibles has resulted in fabrication, accusation, conspiracy, lies and baseless accusations against them because of the worldliness and other political and non-political factors during and after the living period of the Infallibles. This necessitates the existence of scientific principles and strong criteria to distinguish real traditions from fake ones. The traditions that do not have the name of the narrator, technically called Morsal, are not referable per se, but have been sometimes considered trustable and referable due to some reasons as reference by a reputable person, some jurists, and hadith experts. This research paper has been developed with the aim of clarifying Imam Khomeini’s views through a descriptive-analytical method to investigate quality of narration of Morsal traditions, existing viewpoints on its validity, and finally Imam Khomeini’s views on these traditions. In response to the differences of opinion on validity of Morsal traditions, Imam Khomeini has in some way made an explanation and avoided their absolute rejection or acceptance. He has put forward certain conditions for correctness of their attribution and argues that they are trustable only when firmly attributed to the Infallibles..

Discourses on employment of women entail certain methods that individuals and groups stick to when talking about the need or no need, musts and must-nots about employing women in the society. This paper has picked up the theory and method of discourse analysis based on Laclau and Mouffe theory to develop a comparative study between Imam Khomeini’s views and other common discourses concerning employment of women to extract similarities and distinctions. Our statistical population is historical texts on purposely selected intellectual schools. Findings indicate that pro-women employment discourses chiefly place emphasis on self-sufficiency of women, whereas the opposing discourses invoke natural differences and argue that employment of women disrupts family order. In the midst of these two discourses, Imam Khomeini’s discourse is based on Islamic teachings, the hegemony of which in the area of employment of women, has had immense consequences in safe and calm entry of women into employment centers and at the same time, settling women’s multi-faceted roles in family and career.

Hate crime is a term attributed to the crimes resulting from prejudice or hatred on the basis of qualities (under support) such as race, religion, nationality, ethnicity, or sexual orientation. A fault with Iran’s penal code is this that it lacks a specified legislative criminal policy for the transgender individuals. In this paper, the principle question is whether criminal acts against transgender people can be identified as a certain type of hate crime in current penal system or not. If yes, how it can be justified based on Imam Khomeini’s thoughts? We have tried to analyze the issue with a descriptive-analytical method with an approach based on Imam Khomeini’s views. In this connection, Imam Khomeini’s practical conduct is not zero tolerance toward transgender people; rather his approach, in word and action, entails maximum support of the transgender people and supporting any move to remove legal obstacles before them. Such supportive approach can be extended from jurisprudential-legal prescription for gender transitioning in transgender people to supporting them in post-victimization period. This is because transgender people are counted among potential victims, or in more precise term, “hidden victims”. As a result, a sort of segregated criminal policy, including aggravating criminal support (criminal support along with aggravating circumstances) can be adopted toward these victims.

A glance at the history of Islam shows that modern Islamic civilization has gone through many ups and downs but has finally found its true path after the victory of Islamic Revolution, thanks to the strategic statements and emphasis of the revolutionary leaders. Therefore, it is necessary to review the components and indicators of this concept. This paper embarks on identification and explanation of modern Islamic civilization based on the last will of Imam Khomeini as the great architect of Islamic Revolution. This research work has adopted a qualitative methodology, in such a way that data and components have been extracted through content analysis before drawing up the contextual pattern of the research. According to this methodology, the author has gone through Imam Khomeini’s last will to extract themes on modern Islamic civilization and to have access to required codes. Finally, codes extracted through thematic analysis came to be categorized as 116 open source themes, 92 base themes and 4 organizing themes. The result was presented in the form of a contextual model of modern Islamic civilization that includes 4 components of Islamic unity, Islamic insight, Islamic sovereignty, and Islamic independence and freedom.

The relationship between Haades (Originated) and Ghadim (Eternal) has always been a challenging issue in philosophy, particularly for the monotheists with strong belief in non-changeability of the nature of the Necessary Being. Various schools of philosophy have explored many ways to find an answer to the problem. Imam Khomeini in his Taqrirat-e Falsafeh (Philosophical Statements) has reviewed solutions of various schools of philosophy. Hassan bin Abd al-Razaq Lahiji was a 12th century AH renowned scholar and the author of Misbah al-Derayah fi Sharha al-Hidayah (Light of Prudence in Explanation of Guidance). The book, available in manuscript, offers an exclusive solution. In this paper, we have reviewed viewpoints by Imam Khomeini and Mirza Hassan Lahiji, and while pointing to Imam Khomeini’s solution, we have investigated Lahiji’s solution. Restating Lahiji’s solution, the authors of the paper do not evaluate it as a perfect solution.